Universal delta set management

ABSTRACT

The different advantageous embodiments provide a method for identifying changes in data sets. An ending version for a data set is received. A beginning version for the data set is identified. The ending version for the data set is compared with the beginning version for the data set. A number of differences is calculated between the ending version and the beginning version. A data structure is created that identifies the number of differences between the ending version and the beginning version.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/548,943, filed Aug. 27, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,756,195, the entiredisclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Field

The present disclosure relates generally to file management and moreparticularly to identifying and updating changes in data directories.

2. Background

Electronic flight bags are used by flight crews to perform flightmanagement tasks. These electronic information management devicesincrease the ease and efficiency of flight management tasks. Anelectronic flight bag is a general purpose computing platform thatreduces, or replaces, paper-based reference material used by the flightcrew, including the Aircraft Operating Manual, Aircrew Operating Manual,and Navigational Charts. In addition, the electronic flight bag can hostpurpose-built software applications to automate other functions normallyconducted by hand, such as performance take-off calculations.

Information updates are used to ensure that the data on an electronicflight bag is up-to-date. Because these data uploads are often large,the transmission process may be time-consuming. The transmission of dataupdates to the electronic flight bags are typically performed overwireless connections. Often, the aircraft requiring an electronic flightbag update may only be on the ground for a limited amount of timebetween flights. The time constraint presented by the aircraftavailability on-ground, the low bandwidth available for wirelesstransmission, and the time-consuming process of a large data updatecombine to present a dilemma for efficient data updates to electronicflight bags.

Therefore, it would be advantageous to have a method and apparatus thatovercomes one or more of the issues described above as well as possiblyother issues.

SUMMARY

The different advantageous embodiments provide a method for identifyingchanges in data sets. An ending version for a data set is received. Abeginning version for the data set is identified. The ending version forthe data set is compared with the beginning version for the data set. Anumber of differences is calculated between the ending version and thebeginning version. A data structure is created that identifies thenumber of differences between the ending version and the beginningversion.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a method forcreating an update file. An empty data structure is created. A number ofdifferences is identified between an ending version of a data set and abeginning version of the data set. A number of files is added to theempty data structure using the number of differences identified to formthe update file.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a method foridentifying changes in data sets. An ending version for a data set isreceived. A beginning version for the data set is identified. The endingversion for the data set is compared with the beginning version for thedata set. A number of differences is calculated between the endingversion and the beginning version. A number of constraints is identifiedfor transmission of the number of differences. An update file is createdthat identifies the number of differences between the ending version andthe beginning version using the number of constraints.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a method forupdating data sets. An update file is received from a source system. Abeginning version of a data set is identified from a target datadirectory on a target system. The beginning version of the data set iscompared with the update file received. A number of differences iscalculated between the beginning version of the data set and the updatefile received. An ending version data directory is created on the targetsystem based on the number of differences between the beginning versionof the data set and the update file received.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a system forcreating an update file comprising a number of data directories, atransmission decision process, and a delta computing process. Thetransmission decision process is configured to calculate a data filesize using a number of constraints. The delta computing process iscoupled to the transmission decision process and is configured to createthe update file using the data file size.

The features, functions, and advantages can be achieved independently invarious embodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yetother embodiments in which further details can be seen with reference tothe following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features believed characteristic of the advantageousembodiments are set forth in the appended claims. The advantageousembodiments, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, furtherobjectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by referenceto the following detailed description of an advantageous embodiment ofthe present disclosure when read in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a network of data processingsystems in which the advantageous embodiments of the present inventionmay be implemented;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a data processing system in accordance withan advantageous embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a file management environment in accordancewith an advantageous embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a source system in accordance with anadvantageous embodiment;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a target system in accordance with anadvantageous embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an illustration of an update file in accordance with anadvantageous embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a data directory in accordance with anadvantageous embodiment;

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a process for identifying changes in datasets in accordance with an advantageous embodiment;

FIGS. 9A-9B are an illustration of a process for creating an update filein accordance with an advantageous embodiment;

FIG. 10 is an illustration of a process for updating data sets inaccordance with an advantageous embodiment; and

FIG. 11 is an illustration of a process for updating data sets inaccordance with an advantageous embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference now to the figures and in particular with reference toFIGS. 1-2, exemplary diagrams of data processing environments areprovided in which the advantageous embodiments of the present inventionmay be implemented. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1-2 are onlyexemplary and are not intended to assert or imply any limitation withregard to the environments in which different embodiments may beimplemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may bemade.

With reference now to the figures, FIG. 1 depicts a pictorialrepresentation of a network of data processing systems in which theadvantageous embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.Network data processing system 100 is a network of computers in whichembodiments may be implemented. Network data processing system 100contains network 102, which is the medium used to provide communicationslinks between various devices and computers connected together withinnetwork data processing system 100. Network 102 may include connections,such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.

In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 connect to network102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112, and 114connect to network 102. These clients 110, 112, and 114 may be, forexample, personal computers or network computers. In the depictedexample, server 104 provides data, such as boot files, operating systemimages, and applications to clients 110, 112, and 114. Clients 110, 112,and 114 are clients to server 104 in this example. Aircraft 116 also isa client that may exchange information with clients 110, 112, and 114.Aircraft 116 also may exchange information with servers 104 and 106.Aircraft 116 may exchange data with different computers through awireless communications link while in-flight or any other type ofcommunications link while on the ground. In these examples, server 104,server 106, client 110, client 112, and client 114 may be computers.Network data processing system 100 may include additional servers,clients, and other devices not shown.

In the depicted example, network data processing system 100 is theInternet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection ofnetworks and gateways that use the Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicatewith one another. Of course, network data processing system 100 also maybe implemented as a number of different types of networks, such as forexample, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network(WAN). FIG. 1 is intended as an example, and not as an architecturallimitation for different embodiments.

Turning now to FIG. 2, an illustration of a data processing system isdepicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Data processingsystem 200 is an example of a data processing system that may be used toimplement servers and clients, such as server 104 and client 110.Further, data processing system 200 is an example of a data processingsystem that may be found in aircraft 116 in FIG. 1.

In this illustrative example, data processing system 200 includescommunications fabric 202, which provides communications betweenprocessor unit 204, memory 206, persistent storage 208, communicationsunit 210, input/output (I/O) unit 212, and display 214.

Processor unit 204 serves to execute instructions for software that maybe loaded into memory 206. Processor unit 204 may be a set of one ormore processors or may be a multi-processor core, depending on theparticular implementation. Further, processor unit 204 may beimplemented using one or more heterogeneous processor systems in which amain processor is present with secondary processors on a single chip. Asanother illustrative example, processor unit 204 may be a symmetricmulti-processor system containing multiple processors of the same type.

Memory 206 and persistent storage 208 are examples of storage devices216. A storage device is any piece of hardware that is capable ofstoring information, such as, for example without limitation, data,program code in functional form, and/or other suitable informationeither on a temporary basis and/or a permanent basis. Memory 206, inthese examples, may be, for example, a random access memory or any othersuitable volatile or non-volatile storage device. Persistent storage 208may take various forms depending on the particular implementation. Forexample, persistent storage 208 may contain one or more components ordevices. For example, persistent storage 208 may be a hard drive, aflash memory, a rewritable optical disk, a rewritable magnetic tape, orsome combination of the above. The media used by persistent storage 208also may be removable. For example, a removable hard drive may be usedfor persistent storage 208.

Communications unit 210, in these examples, provides for communicationswith other data processing systems or devices. In these examples,communications unit 210 is a network interface card. Communications unit210 may provide communications through the use of either or bothphysical and wireless communications links.

Input/output unit 212 allows for input and output of data with otherdevices that may be connected to data processing system 200. Forexample, input/output unit 212 may provide a connection for user inputthrough a keyboard, a mouse, and/or some other suitable input device.Further, input/output unit 212 may send output to a printer. Display 214provides a mechanism to display information to a user.

Instructions for the operating system, applications and/or programs maybe located in storage devices 216, which are in communication withprocessor unit 204 through communications fabric 202. In theseillustrative examples the instruction are in a functional form onpersistent storage 208. These instructions may be loaded into memory 206for execution by processor unit 204. The processes of the differentembodiments may be performed by processor unit 204 using computerimplemented instructions, which may be located in a memory, such asmemory 206.

These instructions are referred to as program code, computer usableprogram code, or computer readable program code that may be read andexecuted by a processor in processor unit 204. The program code in thedifferent embodiments may be embodied on different physical or tangiblecomputer readable media, such as memory 206 or persistent storage 208.

Program code 218 is located in a functional form on computer readablemedia 220 that is selectively removable and may be loaded onto ortransferred to data processing system 200 for execution by processorunit 204. Program code 218 and computer readable media 220 form computerprogram product 222 in these examples. In one example, computer readablemedia 220 may be in a tangible form, such as, for example, an optical ormagnetic disc that is inserted or placed into a drive or other devicethat is part of persistent storage 208 for transfer onto a storagedevice, such as a hard drive that is part of persistent storage 208. Ina tangible form, computer readable media 220 also may take the form of apersistent storage, such as a hard drive, a thumb drive, or a flashmemory that is connected to data processing system 200. The tangibleform of computer readable media 220 is also referred to as computerrecordable storage media. In some instances, computer readable media 220may not be removable.

Alternatively, program code 218 may be transferred to data processingsystem 200 from computer readable media 220 through a communicationslink to communications unit 210 and/or through a connection toinput/output unit 212. The communications link and/or the connection maybe physical or wireless in the illustrative examples. The computerreadable media also may take the form of non-tangible media, such ascommunications links or wireless transmissions containing the programcode.

In some illustrative embodiments, program code 218 may be downloadedover a network to persistent storage 208 from another device or dataprocessing system for use within data processing system 200. Forinstance, program code stored in a computer readable storage medium in aserver data processing system may be downloaded over a network from theserver to data processing system 200. The data processing systemproviding program code 218 may be a server computer, a client computer,or some other device capable of storing and transmitting program code218.

The different components illustrated for data processing system 200 arenot meant to provide architectural limitations to the manner in whichdifferent embodiments may be implemented. The different illustrativeembodiments may be implemented in a data processing system includingcomponents in addition to or in place of those illustrated for dataprocessing system 200. Other components shown in FIG. 2 can be variedfrom the illustrative examples shown. The different embodiments may beimplemented using any hardware device or system capable of executingprogram code. As one example, the data processing system may includeorganic components integrated with inorganic components and/or may becomprised entirely of organic components excluding a human being. Forexample, a storage device may be comprised of an organic semiconductor.

As another example, a storage device in data processing system 200 isany hardware apparatus that may store data. Memory 206, persistentstorage 208 and computer readable media 220 are examples of storagedevices in a tangible form.

In another example, a bus system may be used to implement communicationsfabric 202 and may be comprised of one or more buses, such as a systembus or an input/output bus. Of course, the bus system may be implementedusing any suitable type of architecture that provides for a transfer ofdata between different components or devices attached to the bus system.Additionally, a communications unit may include one or more devices usedto transmit and receive data, such as a modem or a network adapter.Further, a memory may be, for example, memory 206 or a cache such asfound in an interface and memory controller hub that may be present incommunications fabric 202.

The different advantageous embodiments recognize and take into accountthat current systems and method for data updates deliver entire datasets to an electronic flight bag. These entire data sets may be multiplegigabytes in size, forcing delivery to be broken down into incrementalsets until the entire set of data is delivered. The differentadvantageous embodiments also take into account and recognize thatcurrent systems and methods may attempt to provide a record-basedincremental update capability, sending change instructions to anelectronic flight bag in order to bring it to currency. This approachrequires all intermediate sets of changes to be sequentially andsuccessfully applied before the data can be completely updated to themost current state.

The different advantageous embodiments further recognize and take intoaccount that the current systems require either delivery of the entiredata set, which can be large and cumbersome for transmission, or requiredetailed knowledge of the internal data formats and the internal datastructure of the target system of the update.

Thus, the different advantageous embodiments provide a method foridentifying changes in data sets. An ending version for a data set isreceived. A beginning version for the data set is identified. The endingversion for the data set is compared with the beginning version for thedata set. A number of differences is calculated between the endingversion and the beginning version. A data structure is created thatidentifies the number of differences between the ending version and thebeginning version.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a method forcreating an update file. An empty data structure is created. A number ofdifferences is identified between an ending version of a data set and abeginning version of the data set. A number of files is added to theempty data structure using the number of differences identified to formthe update file.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a method foridentifying changes in data sets. An ending version for a data set isreceived. A beginning version for the data set is identified. The endingversion for the data set is compared with the beginning version for thedata set. A number of differences is calculated between the endingversion and the beginning version. A number of constraints is identifiedfor transmission of the number of differences. An update file is createdthat identifies the number of differences between the ending version andthe beginning version using the number of constraints.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a method forupdating data sets. An update file is received from a source system. Abeginning version of a data set is identified from a target datadirectory on a target system. The beginning version of the data set iscompared with the update file received. A number of differences iscalculated between the beginning version of the data set and the updatefile received. An ending version data directory is created on the targetsystem based on the number of differences between the beginning versionof the data set and the update file received.

The different advantageous embodiments further provide a system forcreating an update file comprising a number of data directories, atransmission decision process, and a delta computing process. Thetransmission decision process is configured to calculate a data filesize using a number of constraints. The delta computing process iscoupled to the transmission decision process and is configured to createthe update file using the data file size.

With reference now to FIG. 3, an illustration of a file managementenvironment is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment.File management environment 300 may be implemented in a networkenvironment, such as network 102 in FIG. 1.

File management environment 300 includes source system 302 and targetsystem 304. Source system 302 includes computer 306. Computer 306 may bean illustrative example of one implementation of data processing system200 in FIG. 2. Computer 306 includes number of data directories 308,delta computing process 310, and transmission decision process 311.Delta computing process 310 and transmission decision process 311 areconfigured to identify and select update information from number of datadirectories 308 to form update file 312.

Update file 312 is transmitted by source system 302 to target system304. Update file 312 may be transmitted using a communications unit,such as communications unit 210 in FIG. 2, which may providecommunications through the use of either or both physical and wirelesscommunications links.

Target system 304 may be located at a number of locations, such aslocation 314. For example, location 314 may be gate 316 and/or hangar318. Aircraft 320 may be an illustrative example of one implementationof target system 304. Aircraft 320 includes computer system 322.Computer system 322 is comprised of number of computers 324. Electronicflight bag 326 may be an illustrative example of one of number ofcomputers 324. Navigation system 328 may be another illustrative exampleof number of computers 324.

Target system 304 receives update file 312 from source system 302 anduses update file 312 to bring information location on computer system322 up to date. In an advantageous embodiment, the updated informationused to form update file 312 may be located in number of datadirectories 308. In another advantageous embodiment, the updatedinformation may be received by source system 302 over user interface 330by user 332.

The illustration of file management environment 300 in FIG. 3 is notmeant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the manner inwhich different advantageous embodiments may be implemented. Othercomponents in addition to and/or in place of the ones illustrated may beused. Some components may be unnecessary in some advantageousembodiments. Also, the blocks are presented to illustrate somefunctional components. One or more of these blocks may be combinedand/or divided into different blocks when implemented in differentadvantageous embodiments.

For example, in one advantageous embodiment, delta computing process 310may be integrated with transmission decision process 311. As usedherein, the phrase “at least one of”, when used with a list of items,means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items maybe used and only one of each item in the list may be needed. Forexample, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may include, forexample, without limitation, item A or item A and item B. This examplealso may include item A, item B, and item C or item B and item C.

With reference now to FIG. 4, an illustration of a source system isdepicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Source system400 is an illustrative example of one implementation of source system302 in FIG. 3.

Source system 400 includes computer 402. Computer 402 contains number ofdata directories 404, transmission decision process 405, and deltacomputing process 406. Number of data directories 404 may include numberof sets of data 408. Number of sets of data 408 may contain any numberof different sets, or versions, of data structures, data files, and/orany other type of data. For example, data set beginning version 410 maybe one set of data in number of sets of data 408. Data set endingversion 412 may be an illustrative example of another set of data innumber of sets of data 408. Any number of different versions betweendata set beginning version 410 and data set ending version 412 may beincluded in number of sets of data 408.

In one advantageous embodiment, delta computing process 406 may identifydata set ending version 412 in number of sets of data 408 as a newversion of data for data set beginning version 410. In anotheradvantageous embodiment, user 420 may send data set ending version 412over user interface 418 to trigger delta computing process 406.

Delta computing process 406 receives data set ending version 412 andidentifies data set beginning version 410. Delta computing process 406may then compare the two versions of data to identify a number ofdifferences between the beginning version and the ending version.Transmission decision process 405 calculates number of constraints 411to determine data file size 413 that fits within number of constraints411. Delta computing process 406 creates file 414 to fit data file size413. File 414 may be an example of one implementation of update file 312in FIG. 3. File 414 identifies the number of differences identified bydelta computing process 406. File 414 is then transmitted to targetsystem 416.

With reference now to FIG. 5, an illustration of a target system isdepicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Target system500 is an illustrative example of one implementation of target system304 in FIG. 3.

Target system 500 includes computer system 502. Computer system 502 maybe implemented using number of computers 504. Electronic flight bag 506may be an example of one implementation of number of computers 504.

Electronic flight bag 506 includes target data directory 508 and deltaapplication process 510. Electronic flight bag 506 may receive file 512from source system 514. File 512 may be an example of an update file,such as update file 312 in FIG. 3. Source system 514 may be anillustrative example of one implementation of source system 302 in FIG.3 and/or source system 400 in FIG. 3.

Delta application process 510 may use file 512 to update data setbeginning version 516 on target data directory 508, creating datadirectory ending version 518. Electronic flight bag 506 may then replacetarget data directory 508 with data directory ending version 518.

With reference now to FIG. 6, an illustration of an update file isdepicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Update file 600may be an illustrative example of one implementation of update file 312in FIG. 3.

Update file 600 may include number of delta files 602, number of newfiles 604, number of miniscule files 606, list of number of unchangedfiles 608, and/or list of number of deleted files 610. As used herein,number of refers to one or more files.

Number of delta files 602 may refer to a number of files that aremathematically computed to contain the differences between two versionsof a file as well as the filename. The two versions of a file that arecomputed to form a delta file may be the version of a file that ispresent in the original state, such as a beginning version, and theversion of the file in a desired end state, or ending version. As usedherein, filename refers to both the relative file path as well as thefile name for a particular file.

Number of new files 604 may refer to a number of files that are presentin the desired end state, or ending version, but are not present in theoriginal state of the data, or beginning version. Number of new files604 may also include the filename for each new file in number of newfiles 604.

Number of miniscule files 606 may include a number of files that arepresent in both the original state and the desired end state, aredifferent between the two states, but have a size that is less than apredefined threshold. If the size of a changed file is smaller than thatof a predefined threshold, the changed file can be copied to update file600 as a miniscule file rather than mathematically computed to form adelta file. Number of miniscule files 606 may also include the filenamefor each miniscule file in number of miniscule files 606.

List of number of unchanged files 608 refers to a list of filenames fora number of files that are present in both the original state and thedesired end state, and are not different between the two states.

List of number of deleted files 610 refers to a list of filenames for anumber of files that are present in the original state and not presentin the desired end state.

The illustration of update file 600 in FIG. 6 is not meant to implyphysical or architectural limitations to the manner in which differentadvantageous embodiments may be implemented. Other components inaddition to and/or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Somecomponents may be unnecessary in some advantageous embodiments. Also,the blocks are presented to illustrate some functional components. Oneor more of these blocks may be combined and/or divided into differentblocks when implemented in different advantageous embodiments.

For example, update file 600 may be implemented without number of newfiles 604. In another advantageous embodiment, update file 600 may beimplemented with additional file types and/or lists of files names.

With reference now to FIG. 7, an illustration of a data directory isdepicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Data directory700 may be an example of one implementation of number of datadirectories 308 in FIG. 3.

Data directory 700 includes number of sets of data 702. Number of setsof data 702 includes data set 703. Data set 703 may include beginningversion 704 and ending version 706. Beginning version 704 may representthe original state of data set 703, while ending version 706 mayrepresent a desired end state for data set 703. A number of intermediatechanges and/or updates to data set 703 may have occurred between theoriginal state of beginning version 704 and the desired end state forending version 706.

Beginning version 704 illustrates the original state of data set 703.Beginning version 704 includes directory_A 708. Directory_A 708 includesfile_A1 710, file_A2 712, and file_A3 714. Beginning version 704 alsoincludes directory_C 716, having file_C1 718 and file_C2 720. Beginningversion 704 also includes directory_B 722, having file_B1 724, file_B2726, file_B3 728, and file_B4 730. Beginning version 704 also includesdirectory_D 732, having file_D1 734.

Ending version 706 illustrates a desired end state of data set 703.Ending version 706 also includes directory_A 708, similar to beginningversion 704. However, directory_A 708 in ending version 706 includesfile_A1* 736. File_A1* 736 is a changed version of file_A1 710 frombeginning version 704. File_A1* 736 may be an illustrative example of achanged file that does not reach or exceed a predefined size threshold.Directory_A 708 in ending version 706 also includes file_A2 712 andfile_A3 714, which are the same, unchanged versions of file_A2 712 andfile_A3 714 from beginning version 704.

Ending version 706 also includes directory_C 716, similar to beginningversion 704. Directory —_C 716 includes file_C1 718, which is the same,unchanged version of file_C1 718 from beginning version 704. However,directory_C 716 in ending version 706 also includes file_C2* 738.File_C2* 738 is a changed version of file_C2 720 from beginning version704. File_C2* 738 may be an illustrative example of a changed file thatdoes reach or exceed a predefined size threshold.

Ending version 706 also includes directory_B 722, similar to beginningversion 704. Directory_B 722 includes file_B1 724 and file_B3 728, whichare the same, unchanged versions of file_B1 724 and file_B3 728 frombeginning version 704. However, directory_B 722 in ending version 706does not include file_B2 726 and file_B4 730 from beginning version 704.

Directory_D 732 having file_D1 734 in beginning version 704 is not foundin ending version 706, indicating that file_D1 734 has been deleted inthe desired end state of data set 703. Ending version 706 does includedirectory_E 740, having file_E1 742 and file_E2 744. Directory_E 740,file_E1 742, and file_E2 744 are not found in beginning version 704,indicating that directory_E 740, file_E1 742, and file_E2 744 have beenadded to the desired end state of data set 703.

Beginning version 704 and ending version 706 may be used by a computingprocess, such as delta computing process 406 in FIG. 4 for example, tocreate update file 746. Update file 746 may be an illustrative exampleof one implementation of update file 312 in FIG. 3, file 414 in FIG. 4,and/or update file 600 in FIG. 6. Update file 746 may include number ofdelta files 748, number of new files 750, number of miniscule files 752,list of number of unchanged files 754, and list of number of deletedfiles 756.

In this illustrative example, number of delta files 748 may includedelta file_C2* 749. File_C2* 738 found in ending version 706 is achanged version of file_C2 720 from beginning version 704. File_C2* 738in ending version 706 is a changed file that does reach or exceed apredefined size threshold. As such, the number of differences betweenfile_C2 720 and file_C2* 738 is mathematically computed by the computingprocess to result in delta file_C2* 749. Delta file_C2* 749 includes thefile path, file name, and changes to the contents of the file betweenfile_C2 720 and file_C2* 738.

Number of new files 750 may include file_E1 742 and file_E2 744. File_E1742 and file_E2 744 were found to be present in ending version 706 butnot beginning version 704 by the computing process. As such, thecomputing process may determine that file_E1 742 and file_E2 744 are newfiles in ending version 706, and copy the new files into number of newfiles 750 of update file 746. File_E1 742 and file_E2 744 includes thefile path, file name, and contents for each of file_E1 742 and file_E2744 from ending version 706.

Number of miniscule files 752 may include file_A1* 736. File_A1* 736found in ending version 706 is a changed version of file_A1 710 frombeginning version 704. File_A1* 736 in ending version 706 is a changedfile that does not reach or exceed a predefined size threshold. As such,file_A1* 736 is copied into number of miniscule files 752 of update file746 by the computing process. File_A1* 736 includes the file path, filename, and contents of file_A1* 736 from ending version 706.

List of number of unchanged files 754 includes a list of file names andthe corresponding file paths for each of the files that is not changedbetween beginning version 704 and ending version 706. In this example,list of number of unchanged files 754 includes file_A2 filename 758,file_A3 filename 760, file_C1 filename 762, file_B1 filename 764, andfile_B3 filename 766. Each of the file names listed in list of number ofunchanged files 754 also includes the corresponding file path for therespective unchanged file.

List of number of deleted files 756 includes a list of file names andthe corresponding file paths for each of the files that is found inbeginning version 704 and not found in ending version 706 by a computingprocess, such as delta computing process 310 in FIG. 3, for example. Inthis example, list of number of deleted files 756 includes file_B2filename 768, file_B4 filename 770, and file_D1 filename 772. Each ofthe file names listed in list of number of deleted files 754 alsoincludes the file path for the respective deleted file.

The illustration of data directory 700 and update file 746 in FIG. 7 isnot meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the mannerin which different advantageous embodiments may be implemented. Othercomponents in addition to and/or in place of the ones illustrated may beused. Some components may be unnecessary in some advantageousembodiments. Also, the blocks are presented to illustrate somefunctional components. One or more of these blocks may be combinedand/or divided into different blocks when implemented in differentadvantageous embodiments. For example, number of sets of data 702 maycontain a number of additional data sets to data set 703.

With reference now to FIG. 8, an illustration of a process foridentifying changes in data sets is depicted in accordance with anadvantageous embodiment. The process in FIG. 8 may be implemented by acomponent such as computer 306 using delta computing process 310 andtransmission decision process 311 in FIG. 3.

The process begins by receiving an ending version of a data set(operation 802) on the source system. The process identifies a beginningversion of the data set (operation 804). The process compares the endingversion and the beginning version of the data set (operation 806). Theprocess then calculates a number of differences between the endingversion and the beginning version of the data set (operation 808).

Next, the process identifies a number of constraints for transmission ofthe number of differences (operation 810). The process creates an updatefile that identifies the number of differences between the endingversion and the beginning version of the data set using the number ofconstraints (operation 812), with the process terminating thereafter.

The illustration of the process in FIG. 8 is not meant to imply physicalor architectural limitations to the manner in which differentadvantageous embodiments may be implemented. Other operations inaddition to and/or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Someoperations may be unnecessary in some advantageous embodiments. Also,the operations are presented to illustrate some functional steps. One ormore of these operations may be combined and/or divided into differentsteps when implemented in different advantageous embodiments.

With reference now to FIGS. 9A-9B, an illustration of a process forcreating an update file is depicted in accordance with an advantageousembodiment. The process in FIGS. 9A-9B may be implemented by a componentsuch as computer 306 using delta computing process 310 and transmissiondecision process 311 in FIG. 3.

The process begins by creating an empty data structure (operation 902).The process determines whether there are any new files in the data setending version (operation 904). If a determination is made that thereare new files in the data set ending version, the process adds the newfiles to the data structure created (operation 906). If a determinationis made that there are not new files in the data set ending version, theprocess proceeds to operation 908.

Next the process determines whether there are deleted files in the dataset ending version (operation 908). If a determination is made thatthere are deleted files in the data set ending version, the processcreates a list of names of the deleted files (operation 910) and addsthe list of names of the deleted files to the data structure (operation912). If a determination is made that there are not deleted files in thedata set ending version, the process proceeds to operation 914.

The process then determines whether there are any unchanged files in thedata set ending version (operation 914). If a determination is made thatthere are unchanged files in the data set ending version, the processcreates a list of names of the unchanged files (operation 916) and addsthe list of names of the unchanged files to the data structure(operation 918). If a determination is made that there are not unchangedfiles in the data set ending version, the process proceeds to operation920.

The process next determines whether there are changed files in the dataset ending version (operation 920). If there are no changed files, theprocess ends. If a determination is made that there are changed files inthe data set ending version, the process next determines whether each ofa number of changed files individually reaches or exceeds a sizethreshold (operation 922). The size threshold for each file may be, forexample, file size 413 determined by transmission decision engine 405 inFIG. 4.

If a determination is made that a number of the changed files do notindividually reach or exceed a size threshold, the process adds thenumber of changed files to the data structure as a number of minisculefiles (operation 924).

If a determination is made that a number of the changed files doindividually reach or exceed a size threshold, the process calculatesthe number of differences in each of the number of changed files thatreach or exceed the size threshold (operation 926). The process thencreates a number of delta files that consist of the number of changes(operation 928). Then the process adds the number of delta files to thedata structure (operation 930).

The process then determines whether there are more changed files(operation 932). If a determination is made that there are more changedfiles, the process returns to operation 922. If a determination is madethat there are no more changed files, the process terminates thereafter.

The illustration of the process in FIGS. 9A-9B is not meant to implyphysical or architectural limitations to the manner in which differentadvantageous embodiments may be implemented. Other operations inaddition to and/or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Someoperations may be unnecessary in some advantageous embodiments. Also,the operations are presented to illustrate some functional steps. One ormore of these operations may be combined and/or divided into differentsteps when implemented in different advantageous embodiments.

With reference now to FIG. 10, an illustration of a process for updatingdata sets is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Theprocess in FIG. 10 may be implemented by a component such as electronicflight bag 326 in FIG. 3, for example.

The process begins by receiving an update file from a source system(operation 1002). The process identifies a data set beginning versionfrom a target data directory on a target system (operation 1004). Theprocess then compares the data set beginning version and the update file(operation 1006).

Next, the process calculates the number of differences between the dataset beginning version and the update file (operation 1008). The processcreates an ending version data directory based on the number ofdifferences (operation 1010). The process then replaces the target datadirectory with the ending version directory (operation 1012), with theprocess terminating thereafter.

The illustration of the process in FIG. 10 is not meant to implyphysical or architectural limitations to the manner in which differentadvantageous embodiments may be implemented. Other operations inaddition to and/or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Someoperations may be unnecessary in some advantageous embodiments. Also,the operations are presented to illustrate some functional steps. One ormore of these operations may be combined and/or divided into differentsteps when implemented in different advantageous embodiments. Forexample, in one advantageous embodiment a new ending directory may bewritten directly without replacement of the existing ending versiondirectory.

With reference now to FIG. 11, an illustration of a process for updatingdata sets is depicted in accordance with an advantageous embodiment. Theprocess in FIG. 11 may be implemented by a component such as electronicflight bag 326 in FIG. 3, for example.

The process begins by receiving an update file (operation 1102). Theprocess determines whether there are new files in the update file(operation 1104). If a determination is made that there are new files inthe update file, the process copies the new files into an ending versiondirectory (operation 1106). If a determination is made that there are nonew files, the process proceeds to operation 1108.

Next, the process determines whether there is a list of unchanged filesin the update file (operation 1108). If a determination is made thatthere is a list of unchanged files in the update file, the processcopies the unchanged files from a target directory into the endingversion directory (operation 1110). If a determination is made thatthere is not a list of unchanged files, the process proceeds tooperation 1112.

Next, the process determines whether there are miniscule files in theupdate file (operation 1112). If a determination is made that there areminiscule files in the update file, the process copies the minisculefiles from the update file into the ending version directory (operation1114). If a determination is made that there are no miniscule files, theprocess proceeds to operation 1116.

The process then determines whether there are delta files in the updatefile (operation 1116). If a determination is made that there are deltafiles in the update file, the process merges the delta files withcorresponding files in the data set beginning version to create a newversion of the corresponding files (operation 1118). The process thenmoves the new version of the corresponding files to the ending versiondirectory (operation 1120), with the process terminating thereafter. Ifa determination is made that there are no changed files, the processterminates.

The different advantageous embodiments can take the form of an entirelyhardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodimentcontaining both hardware and software elements. Some embodiments areimplemented in software, which includes but is not limited to forms,such as, for example, firmware, resident software, and microcode.

Furthermore, the different embodiments can take the form of a computerprogram product accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readablemedium providing program code for use by or in connection with acomputer or any device or system that executes instructions. For thepurposes of this disclosure, a computer-usable or computer readablemedium can generally be any tangible apparatus that can contain, store,communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or inconnection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

The computer usable or computer readable medium can be, for example,without limitation an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,infrared, or semiconductor system, or a propagation medium. Non limitingexamples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solidstate memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a randomaccess memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk,and an optical disk. Optical disks may include compact disk-read onlymemory (CD-ROM), compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD.

Further, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may contain orstore a computer readable or usable program code such that when thecomputer readable or usable program code is executed on a computer, theexecution of this computer readable or usable program code causes thecomputer to transmit another computer readable or usable program codeover a communications link. This communications link may use a mediumthat is, for example without limitation, physical or wireless.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing computerreadable or computer usable program code will include one or moreprocessors coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through acommunications fabric, such as a system bus. The memory elements mayinclude local memory employed during actual execution of the programcode, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storageof at least some computer readable or computer usable program code toreduce the number of times code may be retrieved from bulk storageduring execution of the code.

Input/output or I/O devices can be coupled to the system either directlyor through intervening I/O controllers. These devices may include, forexample, without limitation to keyboards, touch screen displays, andpointing devices. Different communications adapters may also be coupledto the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled toother data processing systems or remote printers or storage devicesthrough intervening private or public networks. Non-limiting examplesare modems and network adapters are just a few of the currentlyavailable types of communications adapters.

The description of the different advantageous embodiments has beenpresented for purposes of illustration and description, and is notintended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments in the formdisclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art. Further, different advantageousembodiments may provide different advantages as compared to otheradvantageous embodiments. The embodiment or embodiments selected arechosen and described in order to best explain the principles of theembodiments, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinaryskill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodimentswith various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for identifying changes in data sets,the method comprising: receiving, by a processor, an ending version fora data set, the ending version sent by a source system connected to theprocessor by a wireless transmission system; identifying, by theprocessor, a beginning version for the data set; comparing, by theprocessor, the ending version for the data set with the beginningversion for the data set; calculating, by the processor, a number ofdifferences between the ending version and the beginning version;creating, by the processor, a data structure in a computer-readablestorage that identifies the number of differences between the endingversion and the beginning version; adding, by the processor, a number offiles to the data structure using the number of differences identifiedto form an update file, wherein the update file comprises a number ofdelta files, a number of new files, and a list of a number of unchangedfiles, wherein responsive to identifying a number of differences betweenan ending version of a data set and a beginning version of the data set,determining whether there are new files in the ending version, whereinthe new files are a number of files identified only in the endingversion; determining, by the processor, whether there are changed filesin the ending version, wherein the changed files are a number of pairsof files, wherein the number of pairs of files are distributed so that afirst file in a file pair is in the ending version of the data set and asecond file in the file pair is in the beginning version of the dataset, and wherein the first file and the second file have a number ofdifferences; and responsive to a determination that there are new filesin the ending version, adding the new files to the update file.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the update file further comprises a list of anumber of deleted files.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein creating thedata structure further comprises: minimizing an amount of data in thedata structure.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: responsiveto a determination that the changed files reach or exceed a sizethreshold, calculating the number of differences in each of the numberof pairs of files; creating a number of delta files that consist of thenumber of differences in the each of the number of pairs of files; andadding the number of delta files to the update file.
 5. A method foridentifying changes in data sets, the method comprising: receiving in aprocessor an ending version for a data set for a target system, theprocessor connected to the target system by a wireless transmissionsystem; identifying, by the processor, a beginning version for the dataset from a target data directory on a computer readable storage mediumof a source system; comparing, by the processor, the ending version forthe data set with the beginning version for the data set; calculating,by the processor, a number of differences between the ending version andthe beginning version; identifying, by the processor, a number ofconstraints for transmission of the number of differences; creating, bythe processor, an update file that identifies the number of differencesbetween the ending version and the beginning version using the number ofconstraints, and wherein the update file comprises a number of deltafiles, a number of new files, and a number of changed files; adding, bythe processor, a number of files to a data structure using the number ofdifferences identified to form the update file, the update filecomprising a number of delta files, a number of new files, and a list ofa number of unchanged files, wherein adding the number of files to thedata structure further comprises: determining, by the processor, whetherthere are changed files in the ending version, wherein the changed filesare a number of pairs of files, wherein the number of pairs of files aredistributed so that a first file in a file pair is in the ending versionof the data set and a second file in the file pair is in the beginningversion of the data set, and wherein the first file and the second filehave a number of differences; responsive to a determination that thereare changed files in the ending version of the data set, determining, bythe processor, whether the changed files reach or exceed a sizethreshold; responsive to a determination that the changed files do notreach or exceed the size threshold, adding, by the processor, thechanged files to the update file; sending the update file to the targetsystem via the wireless transmission system; and loading the update filein the target system.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein creating theupdate file further comprises: minimizing an amount of data in theupdate file to overcome the number of constraints for transmission. 7.The method of claim 5, wherein the number of constraints fortransmission includes at least one of time, bandwidth, transmissionspeed, and transmission size.
 8. A method of updating data sets by asource system, the method comprising: receiving, by a processor of thesource system, an ending version for a data set in a target system;identifying, by the processor, a beginning version of a data set from atarget data directory on a computer readable storage medium of thesource system; comparing, by the processor, the beginning version of thedata set with the ending version for the data set received; calculating,by the processor, a number of differences between the beginning versionof the data set and the ending version for the data set; and creating,by the processor, an ending version data directory on the target systembased on the number of differences between the beginning version of thedata set and the ending version for the data set; adding, by theprocessor, a number of files to an empty data structure using the numberof differences between the beginning version of the data set and theending version for the data set, so as to create an update file, theupdate file comprising a number of delta files, a number of new files,and a list of a number of unchanged files, wherein adding the number offiles to the empty data structure further comprises: determining, by theprocessor, whether there are changed files in the ending version,wherein the changed files are a number of pairs of files, wherein thenumber of pairs of files are distributed so that a first file in a filepair is in the ending version of the data set and a second file in thefile pair is in the beginning version of the data set, and wherein thefirst file and the second file have a number of differences; responsiveto a determination that there are changed files in an update version ofthe data set, determining, by the processor, whether the changed filesreach or exceed a size threshold; responsive to a determination that thechanged files do not reach or exceed the size threshold, adding , by theprocessor, the changed files to the update file; responsive to adetermination that there are new files in the ending version, adding thenew files to the update file; responsive to adding the changed files tothe update file, sending the update file to the target system via awireless transmission system; loading the update file in the targetsystem; and replacing in the target system the target data directorywith the ending version directory.
 9. The method of claim 8, whereincreating the ending version data directory further comprises:determining whether there are new files in the update file, wherein thenew files are files that are present only in the update file; andresponsive to a determination that there are new files in the updatefile, copying the new files into the ending version data directory. 10.The method of claim 8, wherein creating the ending version datadirectory further comprises: determining whether there is a list of anumber of unchanged files in the update file, wherein the list of thenumber of unchanged files comprises a number of file names, and whereinthe number of file names represent each of the unchanged files betweenthe beginning version of the data set and an ending version of the dataset used to create the update file; and responsive to a determinationthat there is the list of the number of unchanged files in the updatefile, copying the number of files identified in the list of the numberof unchanged files from the target data directory into the endingversion data directory.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein creating theending version data directory further comprises: determining whetherthere are changed files in the update file; and responsive to adetermination that there are changed files in the update file, copyingthe changed files from the update file into the ending version datadirectory.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein creating the endingversion directory further comprises: determining whether there are deltafiles in the update file; responsive to a determination that there aredelta files in the update file, merging the delta files withcorresponding files in the beginning version of the data set to createan ending version of the corresponding files; and moving the endingversion of the corresponding files into the ending version datadirectory.